Useful Technical Data

USEFUL TECHNICAL DATA

Useful Links Air & Waste Management Assoc. Aluminum Assoc. American Forest & Paper Assoc. American Iron & Steel Institute American Plastics Council Asphalt Institute National Asphalt Paving Association U.S. Composting Council Container Recycling Institute Glass Packaging Institute Institute of Gas Technology National Association for Plastic Container Recovery Pellet Fuels Institute Polystyrene Packaging Council PulpandPaper.Net Regional Biomass Energy Program Scrap Tire Management Council Steel Recycling Institute U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's Office of Solid Waste Water Industry Council Trade Associations Environmental Industries Association (EIA) National Recycling Coalition (NRC) Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA) Waste Equipment Technology Association (WASTEC) General Web Recycling Directories www.webdirectory.com/Recycling Global Recycling Network Environmental Sites on the Internet The Environmental Magazine	Items Found on This Page: Table: Post-Consumer Material Densities 20 Principles for Designing a Material Handling System Handy Internet Links
	POST-CONSUMER MATERIAL DENSITIES
	COMMINGLED CONTAINERS
	Commingled Cans, Glass and Plastic Containers	140 - 300 lb/cu. yd 5.2 - 11.1 lb/cu. ft.
	GLASS
	Densities Whole Bottles Clear Green and Amber Crushed Glass Semi-Crushed 1.5" Mechanically Crushed 3/8" Furnace Ready Unit Weights Average 16-oz Bottle (Unbroken) Ave. Municipal Bottle (Unbroken)	0 to 10% Broken 500 lb/cu. yd 550 lb/cu. yd 1000 lb/cu. yd 1800 lb/cu. yd 2700 lb/cu. yd 0.41 lb/bottle 0.55 lb/bottle
	ALUMINUM
	Densities Whole (Unflattened) Flattened Unit Weight Weight of One Can	45 lb/cu. yd 200 lb/cu. yd 0.032 lb/can 31.5 cans/lb
	PLASTICS
	Densities PET, Whole HDPE (Natural), Whole HDPE (Colored), Whole Mix of Plastic Containers, Whole Unit Weights, Bottles PET, Two Liter HDPE (Natural), One Gallon HDPE (Colored), Half Gallon HDPE (Colored), One Gallon Plastic Bag, Grocery Bag	34 lb/cu. yd; 220 bottles/cu. yd 30 lb/cu. yd; 180 bottles/cu. yd 45 lb/cu. yd; 171 bottles/cu. yd 38 lb/cu. yd; 110 bottles/cu. yd 0.15 lb/bottle; 6.5 bottles/lb 0.17 lb/bottle; 6.0 bottles/lb 0.27 lb/bottle; 3.8 bottles/lb 0.35 lb/bottle; 2.9 bottles/lb 0.0465 lb/plastic bag
	TIN-PLATED STEEL CANS
	Densities Whole, Unflattened Unit Weights, Average Weight of Various Can Sizes (10 oz, 12 oz, 16 oz and 32 oz)	150 lb/cu. yd 0.20 - 0.23 lb/can 5.0 - 4.3 cans/lb
	PAPER
	Densities -- Loose and Unbaled Newspaper Corrugated Mixed Office Waste Paper Magazines Drink Boxes and Milk Cartons Unit Weights, Brown Bag	350 lbs/cu. yd 150 lbs/cu. yd 160 lbs/cu. yd 250 lbs/cu. yd 40 lb/cu. yd 0.177 lb/bag Back to Top
	20 PRINCIPLES FOR DESIGNING A MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM
	Orientation Principle Study the system relationships thoroughly prior to preliminary planning in order to identify existing methods and problems, and physical and economic constraints, and to establish future requirements and goals.	Flexibility Principle Use methods and equipment which can perform a variety of tasks under a variety of operating conditions.
	*Planning Principle* Establish a plan to include basic requirements, desirable options, and the consideration of contingencies for all material handling and storage activities.	*Simplification Principle* Simplify handling by eliminating, reducing, or combining unnecessary movements and/or equipment.
	*Systems Principle* Integrate those handling and storage which are economically viable into a coordinated system of operation including receiving, storage, production, assembly, packaging, warehousing, shipping, and transportation.	*Gravity Principle* Utilize gravity to move material wherever possible, while respecting limitations concerning safety, product damage, and loss.
	*Unit Load Principle* Handling product in as large a unit load as practical.	*Safety Principle* Provide safe material handling equipment and methods which follow existing safety codes and regulations in addition to accrued experience.
	*Space Utilization Principle* Make effective utilization of all cubic space.	*Computerization Principle* Consider computerization in material handling and storage systems when circumstances warrant for improved material and information control.
	Standardization Principle Standardize handling methods and equipment wherever possible.	*Layout Principle* Prepare an operational sequence and equipment layout for all viable systems solutions, then select the alternative system which best integrates efficiency and effectiveness.
	Ergonomic Principle Recognize human capabilities and limitations by designing material handling equipment and procedures for effective interaction with the people using the system.	*Cost Principle* Compare the economic justification of alternative solutions in equipment and methods on the basis of economic effectiveness as measured by expense per unit handled.
	Energy Principle Include energy consumption of the material handling systems and material handling procedures when making comparisons or preparing economic justifications.	*Maintenance Principle* Prepare a plan for preventive maintenance and scheduled repairs on all material handling equipment.
	*Environmental Principle* Minimize adverse effects on the environment when selecting material handling equipment and procedures.	*Reliability Principle* Provide reliable and dependable material handling equipment from manufacturers who have demonstrated quality and longevity in the industry.
	*Mechanization Principle* Mechanize the handling process where feasible to increase efficiency and economy in the handling of materials.	*Accessibility Principle* Readily have access to the knowledge, expertise, professionalism, and industry leadership provided by the RRT Design & Construction team.
RRT is your ONE-STOP Resource for Innovative, Successful Processing System Solutions for the Solid Waste, Paper and Recycling Industries.

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